Comprehensive analysis of the apple rhizobiome as influenced by different Brassica seed meals and rootstocks in the same soil/plant system

Replant disease refers to the poor growth of trees when attempting establish same or related species on old orchard sites. The use pre-plant Brassicaceae seed meal (SM) soil amendments in combination with apple replant disease-tolerant rootstock genotypes has been shown be a promising strategy for control (ARD). However, optimizing microorganism-driven protection roots from infection by multiple soil-borne pathogens requires more comprehensive understanding how “effective” vs. “ineffective” × genotype systems modulate composition rhizosphere microbial communities. In particular, community oomycetes associated remains relatively unexplored compared bacteria and fungi. To address these issues, we sequenced root bacterial, fungal, oomycete communities tolerant (G.210) susceptible (M.26) rootstocks grown an amended different formulations (Brassica juncea + Sinapis alba, B. juncea, Brassica napus) previously provide varying levels control. Multiple components were observed differences between including absolute abundance Ilyonectria/Cylindrocarpon fine tissue. Amplicon sequencing provided detailed picture genetic diversity groups than appreciated, highlighted variability structure systems. alba SM-structured rhizospheres, ARD-tolerant harbored higher relative abundances Peronosporales reduced potential infect incite (such as Peronospora destructor P. acanthicum), whereas sensitive was dominated ARD-specific pathogen Phytophthora cactorum. addition, microbiomes characterized numerous bacterial fungal taxa biocontrol, biodegradation bioremediation. Taken together, results support hypothesis that particular SM not only control, but also promote which are likely contribute long-term health many other ways. Overall, this analysis highlights significance interaction within influence elements dynamics disease.